sqrt computes the square root.

For real positive numbers:

$$\sqrt{x}$$

For complex numbers z = x + iy:

$$\sqrt{z} = \sqrt{r} e^{i\phi/2}$$

where

$$r = |z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$$

and

$$\phi = \arg(z) = \text{atan2}(y, x)$$

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